I remember many years ago a spiritual teacher asking me this simple question, "Can you describe your soul?" This question haunted me for several years. So, what is the nature of our soul? How do we get to know it? Knowing soul is something that requires stillness in the mind. Our mind is continually in motion distracting us from a deep inner knowledge. Saint Theophan suggests that we divide the soul into different parts to know it –– intellectual, desiring and sensual.
Intellectual Aspect: You intellect stands about your memory and imagination; this intellect, among with intellectual labor, obtains for you definite concepts or cognitions about things.... This leads to thoughts, opinions and suppositions. Its business is to reason, think things over, and reach necessary conclusions. But, normally our mind is filled with thoughts of all kinds. It is not still so we can make reasoned choices. We become driven by our passions.
Desirous Aspect: The faculty that operates here is the will... At its foundation lies zeal, or ardor––the thirst for something.... In a person who has lived for some time almost everything is done by habit. Normally instead of using the will to do God's will we instead override it with our habits to meet the demands of our passions. So, not only do we have the confusion with the scattering of our thoughts but we also have a distorted inconsistent use of our desiring aspect seeking selfish desires.
Sensual Aspect: the Heart. Everything which enters the soul from the outside, and which is shaped by the intellectual and desirous aspects , falls to the heart; everything which the soul observes on the outside also passes through the heart, That is why its called the center of life... It constantly and persistently senses the condition of the soul and body, and along with this the various impressions from the individual actions of the soul and body... compelling and forcing man to furnish everything which is pleasant to its. But it is most commonly tormented by the passions and it does not operate in peace. It then leads us to emotions and attachments that may not lead us to unity with God.
We can now begin to understand the nature of our spiritual life which is for our soul to regain its proper place so we can center our life on the will of God instead of the passions of our body. Of course it still needs to care for the body but as a secondary effort. The soul longs to be reunited with God, a unity broken by Adam and Eve, and a brokenness that Christ showed us how to heal, establishing His Church to help us in this effort.
Orthodox Christians believe that God is "the Creator of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible". The world is not eternal; only God is eternal. He created the entire world out of nothing: "for he spoke, and it came to be; He commanded, and it stood forth" (Ps. 33,9). Man cannot determine the manner in which the world came into being; for it is not an object of scientific examination, for it transcends man's "rational" ability (his logic). Man is part of created reality, he cannot become an "observer" of the manner in which he himself was created!
The world is not of the same nature with God; "by nature" it is entirely different. The world is not a creation from the essence of God, "light from light" but the fruit of God's volition and freedom; there is an insurmountable chasm separating God's essence from the essence of the created world. God need not have created the world. The world, however, was pre-eternally in God's "thought". Thus the creation of the world does not mean a change in God's life. The world came into being according to God's plan and at a time which pre-eternally existed in God's will.
Before making visible creation, God created the spiritual world, i.e. the angels: "When the stars were created, all my angels with a loud voice praised me", says God to Job (Job 38,7). Neither angels nor men existed pre-eternally. Angels are spiritual persons. They were created in time and are limited by space; the swiftness, however, of the angelic nature allows them to act everywhere; only God is not limited by space.
Also, the angels, like men, were created mutable, but through God's grace and their own disposition, they became firm and unshakable in virtue and remain faithful in their original mission: to glorify God and to minister unto man's salvation (Isaiah, 6,3; Luke 2,14; Hebr. 1,14).
Man was from the beginning created as body and soul; man's soul did not pre-exist. Holy Scripture states: "And God created man, taking earth from the ground and breathed into his face the spirit of life, and man became a living being" (Gen. 2,7).
Underlining the distinction between the Creator and the creatures, the Orthodox Christian does not make an idol of nature or of himself. He does not hope that in "identifying" with nature, he will broaden his existence; he does not seek out certain apocryphal transcendental powers within nature, believing that by "activating" them he will solve the problems he faces. His hope has reference to God the Creator, for He has created us from the beginning "according to His image" with a purpose to achieve the "according to the Image" (Gen. 1,26); he does not refer to the created world or to his own self. The meaning of life is to be found in achieving the "according to the likeness", our Archetype, which is outside our own essence and not "within us".
All that exists was created by God "very good"; "And God saw everything that He had made, and behold, it was very good" (Gen. 1,31). The Orthodox Christian therefore evaluates all of material creation positively.
All things are the fruit of God's love, all things are sanctified in the Orthodox Church: not only man's soul, but his body as well, and all of material creation: all things contain within them the "seed" of perfection and are foreordained to life, free from corruption and death.
- Γέροντα, γιατί πολλοί άνθρωποι , ενώ τα έχουν όλα ,νιώθουν άγχος και στενοχώρια;
- Όταν βλέπετε έναν άνθρωπο να έχη μεγάλο άγχος, στενοχώρια και λύπη, ενώ τίποτε δεν του λείπει, να ξέρετε ότι του λείπει ο Θεός.
Όποιος τα έχει όλα, και υλικά αγαθά και υγεία, και, αντί να ευγνωμονή τον Θεό , έχει παράλογες απαιτήσεις και γκρινιάζει, είναι για την κόλαση με τα παπούτσια. Ο άνθρωπος, όταν έχη ευγνωμοσύνη, με όλα είναι ευχαριστημένος. Σκέφτεται τί του δίνει ο Θεός κάθε μέρα και χαίρεται τα πάντα. Όταν όμως είναι αχάριστος, με τίποτε δεν είναι ευχαριστημένος∙ γκρινιάζει και βασανίζεται με όλα. Αν, ας πούμε, δεν εκτιμάη την λιακάδα και γκρινιάζει, έρχεται ο Βαρδάρης και τον παγώνει… Δεν θέλει την λιακάδα∙ θέλει το τουρτούρισμα που προκαλεί ο Βαρδάρης.
- Γέροντα, τί θέλετε να πήτε μ’ αυτό;
- Θέλω να πω ότι, αν δεν αναγνωρίζουμε τις ευλογίες που μας δίνει ο Θεός και γκρινιάζουμε, έρχονται οι δοκιμασίες και μαζευόμαστε κουβάρι. Όχι, αλήθεια σας λέω, όποιος έχει αυτό το τυπικό , την συνήθεια της γκρίνιας, να ξέρη ότι θα του έρθη σκαμπιλάκι από τον Θεό, για να ξοφλήση τουλάχιστον λίγο σ’ αυτήν την ζωή. Και αν δεν του έρθη σκαμπιλάκι , αυτό θα είναι χειρότερο, γιατί τότε θα τα πληρώση όλα μια και καλή στην άλλη ζωή.
- Δηλαδή , Γέροντα, η γκρίνια μπορεί να είναι συνήθεια;
- Γίνεται συνήθεια, γιατί η γκρίνια φέρνει γκρίνια και η κακομοιριά φέρνει κακομοιριά. Όποιος σπέρνει κακομοιριά, θερίζει κακομοιριά και αποθηκεύει άγχος. Ενώ , όποιος σπέρνει δοξολογία, δέχεται την θεϊκή χαρά και την αιώνια ευλογία. Ο γκρινιάρης, όσες ευλογίες κι αν του δώση ο Θεός, δεν τις αναγνωρίζει. Γι’ αυτό απομακρύνεται η Χάρις του Θεού και τον πλησιάζει ο πειρασμός∙ τον κυνηγάει συνέχεια ο πειρασμός και του φέρνει όλο αναποδιές, ενώ τον ευγνώμονα τον κυνηγάει ο Θεός με τις ευλογίες Του.
Η αχαριστία είναι μεγάλη αμαρτία, την οποία ήλεγξε ο Χριστός. «Ουχ οι δέκα εκαθαρίσθησαν; οι δε εννέα πού», είπε στον λεπρό που επέτρεψε να Τον ευχαριστήση . Ο Χριστός ζήτησε την ευγνωμοσύνη από τους δέκα λεπρούς όχι για τον εαυτό Του αλλά για τους ίδιους, γιατί η ευγνωμοσύνη εκείνους θα ωφελούσε.
Of the demons opposing us in the practice of the ascetic life, there are three groups who fight in the front line. Those entrusted with the appetites of gluttony, those who suggest avaricious thoughts, and those who incite us to seek the esteem of men.
All the other demons follow behind and in their turn attack those already wounded by the first three groups.
The soul, according to the extent of the sin becomes fatigued, because sin weakens and brings the person that has succumbed to it into exhaustion. That is why a person is overburdened with everything that happens to him. If a person thrives in goodness, then according to the measure of his success, everything that previously seemed burdensome has now become much lighter.
